Buzz
Câu tường thuật if hay câu tường thuật với câu điều kiện là một trong những chủ điểm ngữ pháp mà người học cần nắm vững. Loại câu này xuất hiện khá thường xuyên trong các bài thi. Bên cạnh đó, đây cũng là điểm cộng nếu người học ứng dụng được câu tường thuật if trong IELTS Speaking hay IELTS Writing.
Trong bài viết dưới đây, tác giả sẽ liệt kê các câu tường thuật với mệnh đề điều kiện, có đi kèm ví dụ minh hoạ.
Key takeaways: |
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Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) là gì ?
Trong câu tường thuật, người dùng cần thay đổi thì, các từ chỉ định vị trí (đại từ, trạng từ), và các từ chỉ thời gian để phù hợp với ngữ cảnh và thời gian diễn ra câu tường thuật.
Câu tường thuật kèm mệnh đề điều kiện
Câu điều kiện loại 1
Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 1 sang câu tường thuật, người học cần sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2.
Cấu trúc:
If S + V (s,es), S + will + V (nguyên thể). S + said that + If S + V2/ed, S + would + V(nguyên thể). |
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Ví dụ: She said: “If I have free time, I will cook all day and experiment with new recipes.”
→ She said that if she had free time, she would cook all day and experiment with new recipes.
(Cô ấy nói rằng nếu có thời gian rảnh, cô ấy sẽ nấu ăn cả ngày và thử những công thức mới).
Câu điều kiện loại 2
Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 sang câu tường thuật, người học giữ nguyên không đổi thì. Đây là điểm khác biệt so với câu điều kiện loại 1.
Cấu trúc:
If S + V2/ed, S + would/could + V (nguyên thể). S + said that + If S + V2/ed, S + would/could + V(nguyên thể). |
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Ví dụ: He said: “If I had more money, I would buy a new house for my mother”.
→ He said that if he had more money, he would buy a new house for his mother.
(Anh ấy nói nếu anh ấy có tiền, anh ấy sẽ mua nhà mới cho mẹ).
Câu điều kiện loại 3
Giống câu điều kiện loại 2, khi chuyển câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 3 sang câu tường thuật, người học giữ nguyên không đổi.
Cấu trúc:
If S + V + had + V3/ed, S + would have + V3/ed S + said that + If S + V + had + V3/ed, S + would have + V3/ed. |
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Ví dụ: They said: “If she had put more effort into practicing, she would have not failed the driving test”.
→ They said that if she had put more effort into practicing, she would have not failed the driving test.
(Họ nó nếu cô ấy nỗ lực luyện tập hơn, cô ấy sẽ không trượt kỳ thi lái xe).
Câu điều kiện bao gồm câu hỏi
Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp có chứa câu hỏi với mệnh đề if sang câu tường thuật, mệnh đề if được đặt ở cuối câu.
Ví dụ: He asked: “What will you do if you’re on vacation?”.
→ He asked what she would do if she was on vacation.
Cách dùng với câu tường thuật if (whether):
Câu tường thuật if (whether) thường được sử dụng với câu hỏi Yes/No hoặc câu hỏi lựa chọn “or".
Cấu trúc:
S + asked + if/whether + S + V (lùi thì) + O. |
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Ví dụ:
She asked, “Are you coming to the party?”
→ She asked if/whether I was coming to the party.
He asked, “Do you want to go for a walk or stay at home?”
→ He asked if/whether I wanted to go for a walk or stay at home.
Ứng dụng của câu tường thuật if trong giao tiếp tiếng Anh
Mary: That sounds amazing, Mark! I would love to go to Paris with you. What's the plan?
Mark: Well, my friend, Tom said that if we booked our flights early, we could get some great deals. So, I was thinking of checking the airline websites for discounted fares.
Mary: That's a good idea, Mark. I read that if we stay in the city center, we'll have easy access to all the attractions. Maybe we should look for hotels in that area.
Mark: Absolutely, Mary. I completely agree. I heard that if we plan our itinerary in advance, we can make the most of our time there. We should research the must-visit places and create a daily schedule.
Mary: Definitely, Mark. I think we should visit the Eiffel Tower, Louvre Museum, and take a stroll along the Seine River. It will be an unforgettable experience. Let's make sure to include them in our itinerary.
Mark: Great suggestion, Mary! I guess we can try some authentic French cuisine. We should explore local cafes and restaurants to savor the delicious food.
Mary: Absolutely, Mark. My parents visited Paris 1 years ago. They said that it would be a pity if we didn't try croissants, macarons, and French pastries.
Mark: Agreed, Mary. Let's start researching and booking everything as soon as possible. I'm really looking forward to our trip to Paris!
Mary: Me too, Mark! This trip is going to be fantastic if we plan everything carefully.
Bài tập thực hành
She mentioned that in case she won the lottery, she would be able to purchase that expensive car.
He inquired whether the flight would be postponed if it snowed the following day.
They stated that if she failed to arrive on time, she would miss the meeting.
He inquired what she would desire if she were granted one wish.
She expressed that if she encountered him at school, she would extend an invitation to our home.
The father cautioned that if she failed to complete her homework, she would face failure in the math exam.
The employer mentioned that if he possessed experience in software development, he would secure the programmer position.
They mentioned that if he had arrived earlier, he would have been able to witness her performance.
He mentioned that if he were proficient in speaking French, he would relocate to France.
She stated that if I earned an A on the test, she would grant me permission to attend the concert.
Đáp án:
She mentioned that in case she won the lottery, she would be able to purchase that expensive car.
He inquired whether the flight would be postponed if it snowed the following day.
They stated that if she failed to arrive on time, she would miss the meeting.
He inquired what she would desire if she were granted one wish.
She expressed that if she encountered him at school, she would extend an invitation to our home.
The father cautioned that if she failed to complete her homework, she would face failure in the math exam.
The employer mentioned that if he possessed experience in software development, he would secure the programmer position.
They mentioned that if he had arrived earlier, he would have been able to witness her performance.
He mentioned that if he were proficient in speaking French, he would relocate to France.
She stated that if I earned an A on the test, she would grant me permission to attend the concert.
