Special narrative sentence: Formulas, usage, and application

What is a special narrative sentence?

Khi sử dụng câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh, thí sinh cần tuân thủ theo một số quy tắc về mặt ngữ pháp, đặc biệt là trong dạng bài tập chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật. Tuy nhiên, có một số trường hợp mà cấu trúc của câu tường thuật sẽ không tuân theo những quy tắc ngữ pháp thông thường, đó là câu tường thuật đặc biệt.

Some forms of special narrative sentences

Narrative sentences with To V (infinitive) structure

Cấu trúc câu tường thuật này sẽ được sử dụng trong một số trường hợp cụ thể như sau:

Reporting a command

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Stay quiet, please”, the teacher said”.

• Câu tường thuật: The teacher told us to stay quiet.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp:  “Clean the room, please”, my mom said

• Câu tường thuật:  My mom told me to clean the room.

Rephrasing a request

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Excuse me Mr, can you pay for the bill because it is closing time”, the waiter said

• Câu tường thuật: The waiter asked me to pay the bill because it was closing time.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “Do not smoke in the walking hall”, a girl said

• Câu tường thuật: A girl asked me not to smoke in the walking hall.

Ngoài ra, dạng câu tường thuật này cũng có thể được sử dụng trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp bắt đầu bằng các từ Will/Would/Can/Could

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Can you tell me what happened to your T-shirt”, my mother asked

• Câu tường thuật: My mother asked me to tell her what happened to my T-shirt.

Rephrasing an advice

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “You should pay more attention to studying instead of playing games”, my best friend said

• Câu tường thuật: My best friend advised me to pay more attention to studying instead of playing games.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “You should not smoke daily”, the teacher said

• Câu tường thuật: The doctor advised me not to smoke daily.

Ngoài ra, dạng câu tường thuật này cũng có thể được sử dụng trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp có “You’d better” hoặc “If I were you”.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive dress”, She said

• Câu gián tiếp: She advised me not to buy that expensive dress.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “You’d better get your stomach checked by a doctor” He said

• Câu gián tiếp: He advised me to get my stomach checked by a doctor.

Rephrasing a promise

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “I will help you with the end-term project”.

• Câu tường thuật: I promised to help you with the end term project.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “I will not forget to do homework ever again”.

• Câu tường thuật:”I promised not to forget to do homework ever again”.

Rephrasing a warning

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Do not touch the displayed objects”, she said

• Câu tường thuật: She warned me not to touch the displayed objects.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “Do not let the phone run out of battery”.

• Câu tường thuật: He warned me not to let the phone run out of battery.

Rephrasing a threat

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Don’t you dare call the police”, the kidnapper said

• Câu tường thuật: The kidnapper threatened me not to call the police.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “Give me your wallet”, he said

• Câu tường thuật: He threatened me to give him the wallet.

Rephrasing an invitation

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Can you come to my birthday party”, she said

• Câu tường thuật: She invited me to come to her birthday party.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “My company organized an auction so can you come?”

• Câu tường thuật: He invited me to attend the auction, which be organized by his company.

Rephrasing a reminder

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Remember to hand in the assignment on time”, the teacher said

• Câu tường thuật: My teacher reminded me to hand in the assignment on time.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “Remember to go home right after school”, my mother said

• Câu tường thuật: My mother reminded me to go home right after school. Thuật lại một lời động viên.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Studying Psychology abroad is great”, my mother said

•  Câu tường thuật: My mother encouraged me to follow studying Psychology abroad.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “You should join the dance competition”.

• Câu tường thuật: He encouraged me to join the dance competition.

Rephrasing an entreaty

Ví dụ:

•  Câu trực tiếp: “Please buy me a loaf of bread”, A stranger said to me on my way to work.

• Câu tường thuật: A stranger begged me to buy her a loaf of bread on the way to work.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “Please do not go inside”, the colleagues said to the firefighter.

• Câu tường thuật: Colleagues begged the firefighter not to go inside.Thuật lại một lời ngỏ ý

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Do you want to work part-time in the library as a way to pay for the. loan”, the librarian said

• Câu tường thuật: The librarian offered me to work part-time in the library as a way to pay for the loan.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “Do you want me to help you with the homework?”, my brother said

• Câu gián tiếp:  My brother offered to help me with the homework. Thuật lại một sự đồng ý

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “I will meet you at the restaurant tomorrow”, I said to him

• Câu tường thuật: I agreed to meet him at the restaurant the following day.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “I will join you for the couple dance competition”, I said to her.

• Câu tường thuật: I agreed to join her for the couple dance competition.

Narrative sentence with V-ing structure

Cấu trúc câu tường thuật này sẽ được sử dụng trong một số trường hợp cụ thể như sau:

Rephrasing an accusation

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “You are the one who broke the expensive vase”, he said

• Câu tường thuật: He accused me of breaking the expensive vase

Rephrasing an admission

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “I have lost my wallet on the way home”,

• Câu tường thuật: I admitted losing my wallet on the way home.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “I have broken the expensive vase”, he said

• Câu tường thuật: He admitted breaking the expensive vase.

Rephrasing a denial

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “I did not break the expensive vase”, he said

• Câu tường thuật: He denied breaking the expensive vase.

Rephrasing an apology

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “I am very sorry for being late”

• Câu tường thuật: She apologized for being late.

Rephrasing a congratulations

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp : “Congratulation! You have won the competition”, my teacher said

• Câu tường thuật: My physics teacher congratulated me on winning the competition.

Rephrasing an assertion

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “I swear that I have seen my friend in the supermarket”, my father said

• Câu tường thuật: My father insisted on seeing his friend in the supermarket.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “I bet that I have chosen the right answer for the test”, my sister said

• Câu tường thuật: My sister insisted on choosing the right answer for the test.

Rephrasing a suggestion

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Why not finding a tutor for English test”, my friend said

• Câu tường thuật: My friend suggested finding a tutor for English test.

hoặc

•  Câu trực tiếp: “I think that we should change the book cover”, he said

• Câu tường thuật: He suggested changing the book coverage.

Ngoài ra, dạng câu tường thuật này có thể được sử dụng trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp có cụm từ “Why don’t you” với tính chất một lời đề nghị, gợi ý.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Why don’t you choose the pink coat instead of the green one?” She said

• Câu tường thuật: She suggested choosing the pink coat instead of the green one.

Một lời cảm ơn được thực hiện lại

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Thank you for buying me a cup of coffee”, she said

• Câu tường thuật: She thanked me for buying her a cup of coffee.

Một cảnh báo được thực hiện lại

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Please remember, do not passing this road after 9 p.m”, my teacher said

• Câu tường thuật:My teacher warned me against passing that road after 9 p.m.

Một lời đổ lỗi được thực hiện lại

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “You broke the vase”, he said

• Câu tường thuật: He blamed me for breaking the vase.

Một lời thú tội được thực hiện lại

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “I am the one who made the car accident”, he said

• Câu tường thuật: He confessed making a car accident.

Câu tường thuật với Let

Cấu trúc câu tường thuật này sẽ được sử dụng trong một số trường hợp cụ thể như sau:

Hãy hiểu mang ý nghĩa ra lệnh

Trong trường hợp này, hàm ý ra lệnh cần được giữ nguyên bằng việc sử dụng những động từ phù hợp.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “The boss doesn’t let me eat in the office”, He said

• Câu tường thuật: The boss said that he should not eat in the office.

Hãy hiểu mang ý nghĩa gợi ý

Trong trường hợp này, hàm ý gợi ý cần được giữ nguyên bằng việc sử dụng cấu trúc suggest / say + should.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Let’s have a picnic in the Green park this week” She said

• Câu tường thuật: She suggested having a picnic in the Green park this week.

Câu tường thuật với câu điều kiện

Câu điều kiện loại 1

Trong trường hợp này, người đọc hãy áp dụng quy tắc lùi thì.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “If we go to the concert early, we will have the front seat”, my best friend said

• Câu tường thuật: My best friend said that if we went to the concert early, we would have the front seat.

Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3

Trong trường hợp này, câu sẽ được giữ nguyên, chỉ đổi chủ ngữ nếu cần thiết để đảm bảo độ chính xác về ý nghĩa của câu.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “If he had not come soon, I would have gone home under the rain” She said

• Câu tường thuật: She said that if he had not come soon, she would have gone home under the rain.

hoặc

• Câu trực tiếp: “If I had enough money, I would buy that car immediately” He said

• Câu tường thuật: He said that if he had enough money, he would buy that car immediately.

Câu tường thuật với Must

Đối với dạng câu tường thuật này, cách biến đổi câu sẽ khác nhau trong một số trường hợp cụ thể như sau:

Phải mang ý nghĩa ra lệnh

Đối với trường hợp này cần sử dụng cấu trúc “ Would have to”

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “You must hand in the assignment this Friday night” my teacher said

• Câu tường thuật: My teacher said I would have to hand in the assignment this Friday night.

Phải mang ý nghĩa khuyên nhủ

Đối với trường hợp này, từ “must” vẫn sẽ được giữ nguyên và chủ ngữ, đại từ xưng hô có thể phải thay đổi để giữ nguyên ý nghĩa cho câu.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “You must listen to the teacher’s advice”, she said

• Câu tường thuật: She told me that I must listen to the teacher’s advice.

Câu tường thuật với Needn’t

Đối với trường hợp này cần sử dụng cụm “Didn’t have to” dành cho câu tường thuật và thay đổi chủ ngữ, đại từ xưng hô để giữ nguyên ý nghĩa của câu.

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “You needn’t bring the document to me by yourself”, my friend said

• Câu tường thuật: My friend said that I didn’t have to bring the document for her by myself”.

Câu tường thuật với câu cảm thán

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “What a beautiful dress”, my sister said

• Câu tường thuật: My sister exclaimed that the dress was beautiful.

Câu tường thuật với Wish, lời chúc

Ví dụ:

• Câu trực tiếp: “Happy New year”, she said

• Câu tường thuật: She wished me a happy new year.

Bài tập câu tường thuật đặc biệt

1. “ What would you do if you won a lottery ticket?”, I asked John 

2. “Please wash the car in the afternoon”, my father said

3. “If the weather is nice, I will go to the cafeteria to study”, Selena said

4. “Max broke the vase”, Robin said 

5. “Congratulations on winning the first prize in the marathon competition”, my teacher said. 

6. “You must not bring your mobile phone into the testing room” Chloe said. 

7. “The document has to be done before tomorrow”, my boss said. 

8. “ Let try going to school by bus one day”, Mary said

9. “ I’m sorry because of telling Ben your secret”, Nick said

10.  “How wonderful the performance is”, my sister said. 

11. “I will meet you at the cafe”, she said

12. “We have already booked the tickets”, they said 

13. “I didn’t see him yesterday”, he said. 

14. “Can you help me with my homework?”, she asked her friend.

15. “I am going to travel to Europe next month”, he said

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào chỗ trống

1. She said that she … ice cream.

A. loved

B. have loved

C. was loved

D. was loving

2. He said that he … to Paris.

A. has been

B. goes

C. is going

D. had never been

3. She asked me if I … to the party the previous night.

A. have gone

B. went

C. go

D. had gone

4. He offered me … the job.

A. getting

B. to get

C. to got

D. was gotting

5. He insisted on … the limited edition of the bag.

A. buying

B. bought

C. has bought

D. had bought

6. My father exclaimed that the car … cool.

A. is

B. has been

C. was

D. had been

7. She said that if she had tried her best, her score … higher.

A. would have been

B. will be

C. could be

D. is going to be

8. He apologized for … the contract late.

A. delivered

B. delivering

C. being delivered

D. had been delivering

Bài 3: Sắp xếp lại các từ để tạo thành một câu hoàn chỉnh

1. Mom/ that/ cloud/ it/ was/ and/ my/ rainy/ said

2. He/ want/ her/ to/ said/ he/ didn’t/ teammate/ that/ be

3. Who/ asked/ played/ I/ father/ my/ with/ 

4. Against/ alone/ forest/ warned/ she/ exploring/ she/ the

5. Asked/ a/ how/ nearest/ to/ stranger/ me/ gas/ get/ station/ to/ the

6. Beyond/ he/ safe/ the/ admitted/ driving/ velocity

7. Had/ he/ that/ said/ homework/ his/ he/ finished

8. Said/ they/ would/ they/ come/ that/ part/ the/ to

9. Could/ he/ speak/ that/ he/ Spanish/ said

10. They/ going/ said/ were/ they/ the/ week / on/ following/ that/ vacation

Đáp án

Câu 1

1. I asked John what he would do if he won a lottery ticket.

2. My father asked me to wash the car in the afternoon.

3. Selena said that she would go to the cafeteria to study if the weather was nice.

4. Robin blamed Max for breaking the vase.

5. My teacher congratulated me on winning the first prize in the marathon competition.

6. Chloe said that I must not bring the mobile phone into the testing room.

7. My boss said that the document had to be done before the following day.

8. Mary suggested trying to go to school by bus one day.

9. Nick apologized for telling Ben my secret.

10. My sister exclaimed that the performance was wonderful.

11. She said that she would meet at the cafe.

12. They said that they had already booked the tickets.

13. He said that he hadn’t seen him the previous day.

14. She asked her friend if she could help her with her homework.

15. He said that he was going to travel to Europe the following month.

Câu 2

1. One

2. Four

3. Four

4. One

5. One

6. Three

7. One

8. Two

Question 3

1. My mother mentioned it was overcast and rainy.

2. He expressed his disinterest in being her partner.

3. My dad inquired about my playmate.

4. She cautioned companions against solo exploration of the woods.

5. A passerby inquired about directions to the nearest gas station.

6. He acknowledged exceeding the safe speed limit while driving.

7. He stated he had completed his assignments.

8. They confirmed their attendance at the party.

9. He asserted his proficiency in Spanish.

10. They announced their upcoming vacation for the following week.

Tổng kết