Sun exposure practice: Effective methods for managing sunlight

It is widely known that vitamin D is obtained directly from sunlight – a separate phenomenon from sun tanning. The sun's UV rays penetrate minimally into human skin, irradiating a substance called ergosterol, which stores vitamin D received from the sun. This process is beneficial for human skin health.

B. All around the Western World, people have developed an obsession with the sun. In many western countries, a suntan has become the trade-mark of a healthy, active, outdoor person. The basic reddish hue just beneath the surface of our skin is the outward reflection of the millions of red corpuscles flowing through tiny blood vessels. This is most noticeable in the pure skin of a baby which can change in a moment from porcelain white (with anger or a switch in temperature) to crimson. In Caucasians, this colouring is somewhat hidden by an acquired layer of sun-made pigment, which varies in tone according to the complexion and occupation of the individual.

C. Locale plays a big part in the effectiveness of the suntan. Mountain tops and beaches are nonpareil sun spas because they receive far purer sunlight than the rest of the land. Urban areas with their smoke and smog act as a filter removing all the healthy properties of the sun. Perhaps the seashore is best of all, with its air estimated to have at least a fifth of a percent more oxygen than inland ether – free of city and inland dust, tars, pollen, and allergens.

D. The sun has long been called nature’s greatest health giver and healer and has played a chief role at health resorts ever since August Rollick, the Swiss father of heliotherapy, opened his first high-Alps sanatorium in 1903. Dr. W. W. Coblenz suggests that the sun cure is a major factor in the treatment of at least 23 skin diseases, ranging from acne and eczema to ulcers and wounds. Another specialist, Dr. Richard Kovacs writes, “Sun treatment is often helpful to persons suffering from general debility – repeated colds, respiratory diseases, influenza and the like”.

Following a long winter, the return to sunlight, as described by Dr. Leonard Dodds, a British expert on sunlight, “acts as a general stimulus to the body, more potent if applied after a period of absence but gradually losing its effect with prolonged exposure, even when not excessive”.

E. Over many years of study, dermatologists have proven that excessive exposure to sunlight for years is responsible for a large proportion of skin cancer amongst the population. Those with the greatest chance of doing permanent damage to their skin are the year-round outdoor workers – 90% of which occur on the heavily exposed hands and face. The first line of defense against permanent sun damage is the skin’s own natural fatty matter and sweat, which combine to form an oily acid surface shield against the ultraviolet rays.

At the beach, saltwater washes away the skin's natural oils, while the intense sun exhausts sweat glands, rendering excess sweat ineffective. Combined with dry winds, the sun can dehydrate the skin. Throughout history, women have shown greater wisdom in caring for their skin than men. From ancient Egypt, where women applied fat from sacred temple cats to their faces, to the modern era contributing to a multi-million dollar global sunscreen industry, both genders now actively combat sun damage.

F. Other pans of the human body which tend to suffer from exposure to the sun are the eyes and hair. Many years ago, optometrists undertook studies in America to examine the influence of the sun upon the eyes by studying Atlantic City lifeguards and found that even a few hours in the bright sun without sunglasses could cause a significant loss of vision – a loss that might take several weeks from which to recover.

The change was so gradual that lifeguards didn't notice their vision had been affected. The solution was to introduce sunglasses as a standard part of the lifeguard uniform. These were sufficiently dark to block the sun’s harmful UV rays as well as most of its infrared and ultraviolet rays.

G. Of a lesser impact is the effect of the sun upon the hair. The penalty of the sun parching is a brittle dryness. Haircare professionals recommend a nutritional cream treatment with a substance containing lanolin to bring your hair back its natural softness, these usually come in the form of leave-in conditioners, and should be applied frequently, just as you would a sunscreen for the skin. Or, easier still, wear a hat. Wearing a hat has a dual effect: it protects the hair and helps to prevent the most dangerous of outdoor afflictions: sunstroke.

Questions 1-4

Examine the individuals listed (Questions 1-4) and the statements provided below.

Match each person with the correct statement.

Fill in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet with the appropriate letter A-H.

1. Richard Kovacs

2. August Rollier

3. W. Coblenz

4. Leonard Dodds

A. believes that the benefits of the sun are not scientifically provable

B. claims to have discovered the vitamin released in the skin by the sun

C. suggests that the sun is an excellent healer

D. invented the first sunscreen

E. suggests that the sun assists with common illnesses

F. thinks that initially, the sun is of benefit to the body

G. is unsure about the benefits of the sun

H. thinks the location is very important in maximizing the benefit from the sun

Questions 5-9

Are the following statements consistent with the information provided in the Reading Passage?

TRUE – if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE – if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN – if there is no information on this

5 Most doctors agree when it comes to the health benefits of the sun.

6 Beaches are best for a suntan because the air has far less pollution.

7 Women applied fat to their skin for protection from the sun.

8 Extended exposure of the eyes to the sun can lead to blindness.

9 The human eye cannot heal itself when it is damaged by the sun.

Questions 10-14

Complete the summary using the words from the box.

Handling the Sun

Many doctors agree that skin cancer can be caused by excessive exposure to the sun. As far as the human body is concerned, it is primarily the face and hands that are 10… . When human skin is exposed to the sun, the body has a defense: a 11…  of the skin’s natural oils and acids. For some time, women have been more effective than men in 12 … for their skin. Eyes are a significant part of the body that are negatively affected by the sun.

The damage often goes undetected because it happens quite 13 …  On the other hand, hair becomes quite dry and brittle when exposed to the sun for an extended period. A lanolin-based conditioner is recommended by hair care professionals to 14 … this problem. Perhaps a simple hat may be the best solution for hair.

Answers:

1. E (Đoạn D, “Dr. Richard Kovacs writes, “Sun treatment is often helpful to persons suffering from general debility – repeated colds, respiratory diseases, influenza and the like”.”)

2. H (Đoạn

3. C (Đoạn D, “Dr. W. W. Coblenz suggests that the sun cure is a major factor in the treatment of at least 23 skin diseases, ranging from acne and eczema to ulcers and wounds.”

4. F (Đoạn D, “writes Dr. Leonard Dodds, the British sunlight scholar, “is a general stimulus to the body, more potent if applied after a period when it has been lacking which gradually loses its effect if exposure is over prolonged, even when not excessive”.)

5. FALSE (Đoạn A, “…there are some things which are still the topic of research. Doctors agree on one of the benefits of the sun – vitamin D.” → Các nhà nghiên cứu chỉ đồng ý 1 lợi ích duy nhất của mặt trời – Vitamin D.)

6. TRUE (Đoạn C, “Perhaps the seashore is best of all, with its air estimated to have at least a fifth of a percent more oxygen than inland ether – free of city and inland dust, tars, pollen, and allergens.” → Bờ biển ít ô nhiễm hơn phía trong đất liền)

7. TRUE (Đoạn E, “Over the years, women have shown far greater wisdom in the care of their skin than men. Since the ladies of ancient Egypt first began to apply the fat of the so-called sacred temple cats to their faces,…” → Đắp mỡ lên da để bảo vệ da dưới tác động của ánh nắng.)

8. NOT GIVEN (Không có thông tin)

9. FALSE (Đoạn F, “…cause a significant loss of vision – a loss that might take several weeks from which to recover.” → Mắt vẫn có thể hồi phục sau vài tuần.)

10. AFFECTED

11. BLEND

12. CARING

13. SLOWLY