Top 10 Most Famous Architectural Landmarks in the Philippines

Edsa Shrine is a small church located in the Archdiocese of Manila, situated at the intersection of Ortigas and Epifanio de los Santos. This structure was built as a memorial to honor the first revolution of the local government. Visitors to the site will be able to hear a detailed narration of the peaceful protest that led to the overthrow of a once-prominent president, a struggle for freedom accomplished through non-violent means. If you're a history enthusiast, especially interested in the history of this beautiful archipelago, don't miss the chance to learn more at the Edsa Shrine.

This small church, part of the Archdiocese of Manila, stands at the crossroads of Epifanio de los Santos and Ortigas. Edsa Shrine was constructed to commemorate the first revolution of the local government. If you visit during your trip to Manila, you’ll have the opportunity to hear from elderly locals or tour guides who will explain in detail how this peaceful protest led to the downfall of a once-prominent president. The movement is celebrated as a struggle for freedom that avoided violent methods, resulting in minimal casualties.

Renowned as the birthplace of Eastern democracy, Barasoain Church has been fully restored and renovated, making it a popular destination for tourists. This historic church was the site of significant events such as the first Congress of the Philippines and the drafting of the Malolos Constitution. Additionally, the church's medieval architecture is a unique feature that makes it both a place of profound historical significance and a stunning architectural landmark.

With the aim of becoming the cradle of Eastern democracy, Barasoain Church was restored to its former glory, enhancing its majestic and solemn appearance. This is one of the reasons why tourists are eager to visit this landmark. Barasoain also hosted crucial events such as the drafting of the Malolos Constitution and the first Congress of the Philippines. When visiting, you'll be captivated by its distinctive medieval architectural style, which sets it apart as a one-of-a-kind historical site.

Metropolitan Cebu Cathedral is a grand religious structure designed in the Spanish colonial style. Built between the 17th and 20th centuries, the cathedral stands as one of the most significant symbols of Catholicism in the Philippines. Take a moment to admire the statues of religious figures that adorn the square outside the church. Visitors can relax in the expansive red plaza and capture photos of the cathedral's stunning façade. The trefoil-shaped carvings on the wall and the cross above it are distinctive features not to be missed. The two large columns, which have remained since the church's original construction, add to its historic charm. The ringing of the church bells from the tower will leave a lasting impression.

The imposing Holy Door at the entrance was added during the Jubilee Year 2000, and in 2009, it was opened to celebrate the 75th anniversary of Cebu's elevation to an archdiocese. Step through this grand portal or one of the other entrances to enter the spacious nave. Be sure to admire the impressive wooden pipe organ at the balcony. Inside, a series of sculptures of saints and painted ceilings create a deeply spiritual and sacred atmosphere.

Built in the 1970s atop a hill overlooking the affluent Beverly Hills area, the Taoist Temple in the Philippines is an impressive architectural structure offering stunning views. The local Chinese community funded the construction of this temple, which now welcomes both worshippers and visitors. At this sacred site, you can learn about Taoism and the role of the Chinese settlers in Cebu. Participate in the prayer rituals with the deities to make your wishes come true. Be sure to follow the traditional Chinese custom of washing your hands, removing your shoes, and tossing two wooden blocks inside the temple's sanctuary.

Climb the 81 steps, symbolizing the 81 chapters of the Taoist scriptures. You can also ask the monks to interpret your fortune and light incense to pray. Many students visit the temple, making it a favorite spot for local tour guides. Visitors will be captivated by the beautiful landscaped gardens and vibrant floral displays surrounding the temple. With multiple balconies offering breathtaking views of the lush greenery and the city stretching out to the horizon, this place provides a peaceful retreat. Don’t forget to take panoramic photos from the rooftop of this spiritual landmark. There's also a smaller temple next to the main tower that you can explore.

San Agustin Church is a historic architectural marvel and a major attraction for tourists. Located within the Baroque-style churches of the Philippines, it is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is the third church to bear the name San Agustin. Initially, the church was built from bamboo and nipa palm in 1571 on Luzon Island. It was destroyed by fire during the invasion of Manila by the forces of Limahong. A second wooden church was built, but it too was destroyed in a second fire shortly thereafter.

San Agustin Church is the oldest church in the Philippines and one of the four churches recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1993. The church features a beautiful Gothic design with sturdy stone walls, a high, airy ceiling, and a unique vaulted roof. The structure includes a chapel, wooden living quarters, 26 exceptional oil paintings, and numerous masterpieces of religious art. The church is known for its finely detailed and intricate carvings. The interior design is particularly grand, showcasing Mexican architectural influence. The ceilings are adorned with paintings from the 1800s, skillfully crafted by Italian artists Giovanni Dibella and Cesare Alberoni.

St. Joseph Church, located on the outskirts of Manila, is a 200-year-old church famous for housing the Las Pinas Organ, a unique bamboo pipe organ crafted in 1824. This organ is considered a national treasure and a must-see for visitors to the Philippines. What makes it even more special is the enchanting music it produces, which captivates anyone who hears it. When you visit, in addition to admiring the organ, you might be fortunate enough to enjoy a performance by the local priests.

The church is not only admired for its historic significance but also for the incredible treasure it houses: a one-of-a-kind organ made entirely of bamboo pipes. This instrument, which produces a mesmerizing, melodious sound, has left countless visitors spellbound. Many who have heard its soothing tones are drawn in by the captivating music that fills the air.

Rizal is a province located in the CALABARZON region of the Philippines, about 20 kilometers east of Manila. The province is named after the national hero of the Philippines, José Rizal. In 2008, the provincial government moved the capital from Pasig to Antipolo, with the new government building completed in March 2009, replacing a 33-year-old building in the former capital. Rizal borders Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the north, Quezon to the east, and Laguna to the south. It is situated to the north of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines, and is a mountainous province located on the western slopes of the Sierra Madre range.

Rizal Shrine stands as a proud historical landmark for locals, as it is the place where Dr. José Rizal was exiled for four years. During his time here, he worked in various roles, including doctor, teacher, biologist, and architect. He also became a father figure and brother to the Filipino people, always willing to help those in need. A visit to the Rizal Shrine offers a deeper understanding of the life and legacy of this great man, who continues to inspire and serve as a role model for all.

Intramuros is a historic walled city built by the Spanish in 1571 on the southern banks of the Pasig River. This fortification features deep moats and 6-meter-high stone walls that stretch over 4.5 kilometers, enclosing an area of 64 hectares. It was designed to dominate and resist the local Filipino population’s resistance. Initially constructed with wooden walls, the fortress was rebuilt in 1590 under the orders of Santiago, the first governor-general of Manila, with thicker stone walls, watchtowers, and forts added to strengthen its defenses.

The complex housed various buildings for the colonial administration, including government offices, hospitals, schools, and churches, all restricted to the Spanish and off-limits to locals. A series of trenches, fortifications, and strongholds surrounded the city, making it a formidable defense point. Over time, numerous clashes took place here between Spanish troops and Filipino revolutionaries. One of the most iconic sites within Intramuros is the Santiago Fortress (Fort Santiago), which was a key military installation during the colonial era. Despite wars and earthquakes, Fort Santiago remains the only structure that has preserved its original architecture.

Though heavily damaged by war, Intramuros still retains several significant landmarks. Among them are Quiapo Church, which showcases classic Spanish colonial architecture and is the largest church in Manila, and San Agustin Church, the oldest church in the Philippines, which has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Today, some parts of Intramuros are ruins, while others, like Manila Cathedral and San Agustin Church, continue to serve as active places of worship and popular spots for wedding photoshoots.

Santiago Fortress is one of the most iconic landmarks in Manila, Philippines and a must-see for visitors. It stands as a symbol of the nation’s resistance against Spanish colonial rule. This stone fortress, built in the 16th century, blends Italian and Spanish architectural styles. It was constructed by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who founded the city of Manila, and named after Saint James the Great, the patron saint of Spain. The fort is also known as Fuerza de Santiago in Spanish or Moong Santiago in Tagalog.

Initially built from stone and wood, the fort was completely rebuilt in 1592 with solid stone. It served as the most crucial military defense of Manila in the past. Today, the fort has been transformed into a park and a memorial site for the national hero Dr. Jose Rizal, who fought for Philippine independence from Spain and was imprisoned here during the final two months of his life. For history enthusiasts, this site offers an immersive look into the Philippines’ colonial past and its struggle for freedom.

Rizal Park has been one of Manila’s most beloved green spaces for over 200 years, attracting both locals and tourists alike. Originally known as Luneta, the park was renamed to honor Dr. Jose Rizal, a peaceful reformist and national hero of the Philippines. Spanning 58 hectares, the park features meticulously landscaped gardens, monuments, water features, and a playground, making it a perfect weekend getaway for families and friends. For tourists, it offers a relaxing spot with scenic views of Manila’s vibrant landscape.

At the heart of the park stands a towering 12.6-meter statue of Dr. Rizal, cast in bronze and granite. This is also the final resting place of the national hero, guarded around the clock by soldiers. The statue is located just a few meters from the site where he was executed. In front of the statue is the Kilometer Zero marker, the point from which all distances in the Philippines are measured. Visitors can explore the park’s gardens, including the Japanese and Chinese gardens, which offer peaceful and picturesque settings. Don’t miss the Orchidarium, a 2.21-hectare area home to a stunning collection of orchids, tropical plants, and ferns.